The main stages are raw material mixing, extrusion, calendering (or lamination), cooling, cutting, surface treatment (e.g., UV coating, embossing), and final profiling (e.g., click-lock system).

A typical PVC flooring line includes a high-speed mixer for raw materials, an extruder, a four- or five-roller calender unit, a cooling unit, a cutting machine, a UV coating machine, and a double-end tenoner for milling the click-lock system.

The extruder is the core machinery. It melts the mixed raw materials (PVC, limestone powder, etc.) and extrudes them through a die into a continuous, hot sheet.

The calendering unit is a series of heated rollers that press and form the extruded sheet to the desired thickness. It also simultaneously laminates the decorative print film and the transparent wear layer onto the core board using heat and pressure.

The cooling unit, usually a cooling conveyor with water circulation, is essential to solidify the hot, extruded board and stabilize its dimensions. Proper cooling prevents warping and ensures the planks or tiles meet precise size specifications.